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rfc1006.txt
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1993-06-23
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This hotline article describes the following:
1.0 What is RFC 1006?
2.0 Why is RFC 1006 important?
3.0 How does RFC 1006 work?
4.0 RFC 1006/OSI Coexistence and Migration Issues
5.0 HP's Plans for RFC 1006
6.0 RFC 1006 Competition
7.0 Bibliography
1.0 What is RFC 1006?
-----------------------
RFC 1006 is an independent networking standard which specifies a particular
approach to running one or more OSI services over a TCP/IP transport. Request
For Comments (RFCs) are standards and draft standards issued by the Internet
Engineering Taskforce (IETF). Two of the best known and most widely used RFCs
are the TCP and IP protocols themselves (RFC 760 and 761). OSI standards
(such as X.400 and FTAM) are defined by a separate standardization process run
by the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph
(CCITT) and the International Standards Organization (ISO).
2.0 Why is RFC 1006 important?
--------------------------------
RFC 1006 is important because it allows customers with existing TCP/IP
networks to add OSI services (such as X.400 and X.500) to their end node
systems without replacing or upgrading the existing infrastructure. RFC 1006
lets the OSI services use the existing TCP/IP network addressing and routing
scheme; RFC 1006 also supports the existing network management tools (for
managing the network transport only). The OSI services run unchanged, as if
an underlying OSI networking infrastructure were present. RFC 1006 provides
the "glue" which allows TCP/IP to provide the transport functionality expected
by the OSI services.
3.0 How does RFC 1006 work?
-----------------------------
A pictorial view of the OSI protocol stack with and without RFC 1006 can best
illustrate how RFC 1006 works:
Pure OSI RFC 1006
(OSI services, upper (OSI services & upper
layers, & transport) layers, TCP/IP transport)
+-----+ +-----+ +----+ +-----+ +-----+ +----+
|X.400| |X.500| |FTAM| |X.400| |X.500| |FTAM| OSI Services
+-----+-+-----+-+----+ +-----+-+-----+-+----+
| ACSE/Presentation | | ACSE/Presentation | Presentation
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| Session | | Session | Session
+---------+----------+ +--------------------+
| TP0/2/4 | TP4 | | RFC 1006 | Transport
+---------+----------+ +--------------------+
| CONS | CLNS | | TCP/IP | Network
+---------+----------+ +--------------------+
Users and applications can use the OSI services directly. X.400 provides an
asynchronous-store-and-forward capability (most commonly used for electronic
mail). X.500 specifies a global directory service. FTAM specifies a
mechanism for file transfer and management. There are other OSI services, but
they all rely on the functionality of Association Control Service Element
(ACSE)/Presentation layer.
The ACSE/Presentation layer provides for a system-independent way of
representing data. It is in turn dependent on the Session layer, which
provides synchronization and dialogue management. The Transport layer
provides for the reliable transmission of data, while the Network layer is
responsible for the routing of data through the network. OSI specifies
several mechanisms at the Transport and Network layer, depending on whether
the underlying link is a connection-oriented link (such as X.25) or a
connectionless link (such as an Ethernet/802.3 LAN).
Notice that RFC 1006 by itself does not support the OSI services. The upper
layers of the OSI stack are still required. All upper layer addressing is
identical between RFC 1006 and pure OSI protocol stacks.
Also note that the OSI services specify the address of the system which they
wish to communicate with in the form of an OSI network address, or Network
Service Access Point (NSAP). Because the OSI networking layer is replaced by
TCP/IP, there is no NSAP involved in the actual RFC 1006 dialogue between
systems. The TCP/IP analog to an NSAP is the IP address; a companion standard
to RFC 1006 (RFC 1277) specifies how to generate a unique NSAP given an IP
address. (The IP address is actually embedded in the NSAP). Thus, to use RFC
1006, an OSI service must specify a destination NSAP which has an IP address
embedded in it.
4.0 RFC 1006/OSI Coexistence and Migration Issues
---------------------------------------------------
In order for two computer systems to communicate with each other, they must
both use the same network transport, be it TCP/IP, OSI, or something else.
Thus a system providing an OSI service over TCP/IP using RFC 1006 can only
directly connect to another system which is also running RFC 1006.
Thus RFC 1006 does NOT provide a mechanism which allows a node running the RFC
1006 protocol ("an OSI service over a TCP/IP transport") to communicate
directly with a node running a pure OSI stack (an OSI service over an OSI
transport). Depending on the vendor's implementation, however, a single
system can support the OSI services over two different network transports:
both RFC 1006 (TCP/IP) and an OSI transport. (See the diagram below of HP's
RFC 1006 implementation for an example of such a "dual stack" approach.)
Customers planning to migrate OSI applications from an RFC 1006 (TCP/IP)
transport to an OSI transport, or planning to use both transports
simultaneously, will face several other issues.
First, to use an OSI transport, most or all of the networking infrastructure
must support OSI. This includes not only the customer's end node systems, but
also any intermediate network devices (routers, bridges, etc.). Thus to use
an OSI transport, a customer with existing TCP/IP-only bridges, routers, et.
al. will have to upgrade them or replace them with multiprotocol versions.
Second, the network management environment and software must be upgraded or
duplicated. OSI uses the Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), while
TCP/IP relies on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The
Management Information Bases (MIBs) defined for the two protocols, although
similar, are not identical.
5.0 HP's Plans for RFC 1006
-----------------------------
The following commitment can be made directly to end customers:
"HP will provide an implementation of RFC 1006 as part of a standard product
in conjunction with (but shortly after) the release of HP-UX 10.0."
****************************************************************************
WARNING: THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS PRELIMINARY AND SUBJECT TO
CHANGE. IT CAN AND SHOULD BE USED TO SET CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS. ANY CUSTOMER
COMMITMENTS, HOWEVER, MUST BE APPROVED IN ADVANCE BY HP INFORMATION NETWORKS
DIVISION GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
****************************************************************************
We expect to structure HP's RFC 1006 implementation as part of the existing HP
OSI Transport Services (OTS) product.
+-----+ +-----+ +----+
|X.400| |X.500| |FTAM| OSI Services
+-----+ +-----+ +----+
+-------------------------------+
| ACSE/Presentation | \
+-------------------------------+ \
| Session | \
+----------+---------+----------+ > OTS/9000 on HP-UX 10.0
| TP0/2/4 | TP4 | RFC 1006 | /
+----------+---+-----+----------+ /
| CONS | CLNS | TCP/IP | /
+----------+---------+----------+
This architecture allows the use of OSI service products on both the OSI
transport and RFC 1006 (TCP/IP) simultaneously. HP has implemented both the
OSI upper layers and TCP/IP in the kernel, supporting a high performance
implementation of RFC 1006 and upper layer OSI addressing which conforms to US
GOSIP requirements. Configuration of the OSI services and upper layers is
accomplished using the OSI configuration tool (osiadmin).
PLEASE NOTE that this product structure will require the customer to purchase
the OTS product, even if they "only want to run an OSI service over TCP/IP."
Be sure to set the customer's pricing expectations accordingly.
6.0 RFC 1006 Competition
--------------------------
HP is currently aware of RFC 1006 implementations near completion or shipping
from DEC, Isocore, ISODE, OSF, and Retix.
The ISODE code is essentially public domain software, freely available from
many sources. The ISODE code and some of the other implementations of RFC
1006 and the upper layer OSI protocols are written in user space. These
implementations, while functional, are not expected to provide the range of
features of the OTS/9000 implementation.
The Open Software Foundation (OSF) Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)
product also provides an implementation of X.500 over RFC 1006. Again, this
is user space code. Furthermore, DCE does not provide any OSI services
besides X.500 and does not provide any transports besides RFC 1006.
[IND is very interested in information on competitor's RFC 1006 products and
in customer's actual experiences trying to use RFC 1006. If you are aware of
any competitive or customer information, please pass it along to the Sales
Response Center.]
7.0 Bibliography
------------------
"TCP/IP-OSI: 5 Routes to Coexistence" by David Simpson, Systems Integration,
April, 1990.
RFC 1006: "ISO Transport Service on top of the TCP, Version: 3" by Marshall T.
Rose & Dwight E. Cass, May 1987.
RFC 1277: "Encoding Network Addresses to support operation over non-OSI lower
layers" by S.E. Hardcastle-Kille, November 1991.